Timetate

A world clock on a live 3D globe. It reads your device's clock — which is exactly why the rest of this page matters.

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Exact time: how atomic clock time works, and how to sync yours

Exact time is Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), shifted by your time zone's offset. UTC is calculated from hundreds of atomic clocks around the world and delivered to your device over the internet or a cellular network. A well-synced phone or computer is usually within a fraction of a second of it. An unsynced one can drift by seconds every day.

What “exact time” actually means

It means your clock agrees with the official international time scale, rather than with a clock someone set by hand. That scale is UTC, and every local time is UTC plus or minus an offset, with daylight saving applied in the places that still use it.

So two separate questions sit behind every “what time is it?” search. Is the reference correct? Almost always — it is maintained by international laboratories. Is your clock correct? That is where the errors are, because your device only matches the reference if it synchronises with it regularly.

Where official time comes from

Three layers: an atomic definition of the second, a worldwide average of atomic clocks, and national laboratories that broadcast real-time copies.

The atomic second

Since 1967 the SI second has been defined as exactly 9,192,631,770 oscillations of the hyperfine transition in caesium-133. Every caesium atom behaves identically, so any laboratory can reproduce the unit anywhere.

The best primary standards are extraordinarily precise. NIST reports that its newest fountain clock, NIST-F4, measures frequency to within 2.2 parts in 1016 — stable enough that it would be off by less than a second today had it started running 100 million years ago. They are also rare: fewer than 20 caesium fountains operate anywhere in the world.

From hundreds of clocks to one time scale

No single clock defines world time. UTC rests on roughly 450 atomic clocks in 85 national time laboratories, which send their data to the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) near Paris. The BIPM computes a weighted average of the designated clocks to produce International Atomic Time (TAI). UTC follows directly from it, running at the same rate and differing only by a whole number of accumulated leap seconds.

Real-time copies in national labs

Because that averaging takes time, nobody's clock shows official UTC live. TAI and UTC are “paper” scales, computable only once every contributor's data has arrived. National laboratories keep real-time versions that come within a few nanoseconds of the final figure — in the United States, UTC, UTC(NIST) and UTC(USNO) agree to within 20 nanoseconds. That is the agreement behind time.gov and the time servers your devices use.

How a website shows exact time

A site cannot put the time on your screen instantly, so a synchronised one measures the delay and corrects for it. Time.gov documents the method openly: the browser checks your local clock, requests a timestamp from a NIST server, then checks your clock again when the reply lands. The difference is the round trip, and half of it is assumed to have happened in each direction. Done properly, this lands within tenths of a second.

When you judge any web clock, look for two things: a stated source, and a displayed offset or network delay. Their absence is what separates a synchronised clock from a page quietly repeating your own device's time back to you. Plenty of well-known clocks describe themselves as showing “official atomic clock time” while publishing neither.

What Timetate's own clock does

By the standard set above: Timetate reads your device's clock and re-renders it once a second. It does not contact a time server, so it does not correct for drift and cannot be more accurate than the machine you are reading it on. If your device is ten seconds fast, so are we.

What Timetate is built for is the relationship between clocks — offsets, day and night, daylight saving, and the hours two cities have in common — where a second's drift changes nothing. For the absolute reading, check time.gov and sync your device using the steps below.

How accurate is your device clock?

Only as accurate as its last synchronisation, because the hardware underneath is inexpensive. Left alone, computer clocks can lose several seconds a day. Phones set themselves periodically from the nearest cellular base station; computers rely on internet time servers, which most operating systems poll automatically over the Network Time Protocol (NTP) whenever the device is online.

In practice a connected device with automatic time enabled sits within a second of UTC. It drifts noticeably in four situations: automatic time is switched off, the device has been offline for days, a virtual machine or dual-boot setup is fighting the system clock, or a corporate network blocks NTP traffic.

How to sync your clock

Turning on automatic time and forcing one sync fixes nearly every drift problem. Under a minute on each platform.

Windows 11

Settings → Time & language → Date & time. Turn on Set time automatically, then click Sync now. Right-clicking the system clock and choosing to sync does the same thing.

macOS

System Settings → General → Date & Time. Turn on Set time and date automatically and leave the default Apple time server selected.

iPhone and iPad

Settings → General → Date & Time, then turn on Set Automatically. If the switch is greyed out, check Screen Time restrictions or a device-management profile.

Android

Settings → System → Date & time. Turn on both Set time automatically and Set time zone automatically. Menu names vary slightly by manufacturer.

Then verify

Open time.gov and compare. If the gap still exceeds a second after syncing, check whether your network blocks time servers on UDP port 123, and whether a VPN is shifting your detected location.

Exact time is universal; the time on your screen is local

Your device needs the right time zone as well as the right UTC. A perfectly synced clock in the wrong zone is wrong by a whole number of hours — which is why automatic time zone detection matters as much as automatic time.

Daylight saving is the second trap. In 2026 the clocks go back on 25 October across most of Europe and the UK, and on 1 November in the United States and Canada. For that week in between, transatlantic differences are an hour off their usual value. The 2026 clock-change dates list every country, and you can convert time between cities with the shift already applied for the date you pick.

Leap seconds, and what changes next

Leap seconds exist because Earth's rotation is irregular and atomic time is not. When the gap between UTC and Earth-rotation time approaches 0.9 seconds, a leap second is announced and applied everywhere at once. The first was inserted on 30 June 1972; 27 have been added since, most recently on 31 December 2016, which is why TAI now runs 37 seconds ahead of UTC.

That system is being retired. In November 2022 the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) adopted a plan to phase out future leap seconds by or before 2035, and the 28th CGPM meets on 13–15 October 2026 in Versailles to decide the mechanism. Reporting on the draft resolution describes a much wider tolerance between atomic and Earth-rotation time, taking effect later this decade — but the specifics are not settled until that vote, and we are not going to state them as though they were.

For everyday use the practical effect is simple either way: no more one-second glitches in logs, trading systems and navigation software.

Which source should you trust?

SourceWhat it gives youBest for
time.gov (NIST/USNO)UTC(NIST), corrected for measured network delayThe official US reference, and checking your device against it
A branded web clockA reading for many cities and languagesQuick lookups — check whether it states its source
Your OS time sync (NTP)Automatic, periodic correction against internet time serversKeeping every app and timestamp on the machine right
Phone network timeSet from the nearest cellular base stationMobile devices on the move

Frequently asked questions

How accurate is a website clock?
A well-built one is usually accurate to within tenths of a second. It cannot deliver the time instantly, so it measures the round trip to a time server and assumes half the delay happened in each direction. The detail to look for is whether the site publishes its source and shows the offset it measured — that is what separates a synchronised clock from a page repeating your own device's time back to you.
Why is my phone a few seconds off?
Usually automatic time is switched off, or the device has not synced recently. Turn on automatic date and time, toggle it off and on to force a sync, then compare against time.gov. If it is still off by more than a second, check whether your network blocks time servers on UDP port 123, or whether a VPN is shifting your detected location.
What is the difference between UTC and GMT?
UTC is the atomic time scale used for civil timekeeping worldwide. GMT is the United Kingdom's winter time zone, and it shows the same clock time as UTC. They coincide, but they are not the same kind of thing — for anything precise, say UTC.
What is the most accurate clock in the world?
Primary caesium fountain standards such as NIST-F4 define the second today. Experimental optical clocks are more precise still, and there are plans to consider redefining the second around them as early as 2030.
Does a one-second error matter?
For appointments, no. For online auctions, ticket drops, exams with hard deadlines, financial timestamps and server logs, it can. Keep automatic sync on and verify before anything time-critical.

Key takeaways

  • Exact time is UTC, computed from about 450 atomic clocks in 85 laboratories and distributed through national labs.
  • Your device is only exact once it syncs — turn on automatic time and automatic time zone.
  • A synchronised web clock corrects for network delay and lands within tenths of a second. One that publishes no method is showing you your own clock.
  • Leap seconds are being phased out; the decision on how is due in October 2026.

Planning across zones rather than checking one? The meeting planner shows the hours your cities actually have in common.

Sources

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